subsurface facies analysis - integrating borehole images & well logs with rock physics and seismic data to develop geologic models

Acquisition & processing, and structural analysis

• Image & Dip Acquisition & Processing (incl. LQC)
  • Measurement principles and wellsite acquisition & LQC
  • Value of high resolution image data
  • Image processing & display
  • Dip computation and trouble shooting
  • Exercise: LQC acquisition data
  • Exercise: Preferred dip processing when drilling downdip
  • Exercise with some real data
    • Image & dip processing and LQC
    • Image description & interpretation steps
    • Comparison with core photos and description
  • Exercise: hands on class review of data
• Structural analysis using image & dip data
  • Structural dip trends and structural dip removal
  • Unconformities
  • Normal and growth faults
  • Reverse and thrust faults
  • Are faults sealing?
  • Exercise: Low angle structural dip
  • Exercise: Structural dip patterns
  • Exercise: Effect of dip removal
  • Exercise: Unconformities
  • Exercise: Fault models
  • Exercise: Image & dip examples across fault planes

Sedimentology & continental settings

• Stratigraphic analysis using image & dip data
  • Depositional environments & facies analysis
  • Lithofacies from log & image data
  • Geometry
  • Sedimentary structures
  • Paleocurrent directions
  • Advantages of integration in lithofacies analysis
  • Integration & modelling at the field level
  • Exercise: Grainsize motifs (and advantages of integration)
  • Exercise: Sedimentary features
  • Exercise: More sedimentary features
• Eolian (wind-blown) sediments
  • Sedimentary structures & dune forms
  • Complexities in deposition setting & stratigraphic section
  • Building reservoir model & populating with data
  • Outcrop studies as input to reservoir simulation
  • Exercise: Current bedding dip patterns
  • Exercise: Idealized dips through stacked transverse dunes
  • Exercise: Reinterpreting an old data set
• Fluvial (river) sediments
  • Fluvial settings (various models)
  • Braided system lithotypes & sedimentary features
  • Meandering system lithotypes & sedimentary features
  • Point bar development (predictions)
  • Channel models as developed by geostatistics
  • Channel models constrained by outcrop panels
  • Case study from Kalimantan; integrating high resolution seismic attributes with petrophysical data to fine tune a depositional model and site new wells; radically increasing oil recovery in the field.
  • Exercise: Current bedding & channel flow direction
  • Exercise: Scour surfaces, current bedding, channel axis
  • Exercise: Idealized dips in meandering system; contrast braided

Deltaic, coastal and shelf silici-clastic settings

• Deltaic sediments
  • Delta classifications and models
  • Associated sand geometries
  • Image & dip character in distributary fronts & channels
  • Case study from South Sumatra basin; developing a play concept to identify most prospective area within structural closure
  • Exercise: Palaeogeographic mapping from dip data
  • Exercise: Channel interpretation from image data
  • Exercise: Palaeogeographic concept map from image/dip data
  • Exercise: Mapping a channel trend based on dip data
• Coastal & shelf sediments
  • Interrelation of coastal & shelf depositional settings
  • Facies variation in prograding coastal sequences
  • Idealized dip and grain motifs in bar/barrier sands
  • Image & dip examples in shelf bar and barrier island sands
  • Channel sands in a tidal setting
  • Chasing channels by integrating image and seismic data
  • Case study: distinguishing channel from bar sands in tidal settings, and its importance on reservoir characteristics
  • Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to distinguish sand units
  • Using high resolution images to interpret thinly bedded reservoirs
  • Exercise: Barrier bar orientation
  • Exercise: Idealized grainsize motif & dip patterns in coastal setting
  • Exercise: Different sand bodies in a coastal setting
  • Exercise: Understanding why sands with similar lithofacies have radically different production characteristics

Deepwater and carbonate sediments

• Deepwater sediments
  • Deepwater sediment depositional models
  • Image & dip character in proximal & distal settings
  • Orienting channel sands using image & dip data
  • Using outcrop work for forward modelling to better interpret seismic, and understand reservoir production behaviour
  • Exercise: Deepwater lithofacies
  • Exercise: Sedimentary structures
  • Exercise: Channel orientation
  • Exercise: Sand body recognition & orientation
• Carbonate sediments
  • Carbonate models and facies in coastal and shelf settings
  • Carbonate reefs, and orienting reefal trends
  • Porosity enhancement and reduction
  • Generating reservoir model from outcrop data and 3D seismic
  • Exercise: Features within a carbonate section
  • Exercise: Features within a carbonate reservoir

Fractured reservoirs

• Fracture systems
  • Fracture types; open, healed, vuggy, syneresis
  • Natural or induced; borehole breakout & tensile fractures
  • Fracture orientation
  • Exercise: Fracture identification - 1
  • Exercise: Fracture identification - 2
  • Exercise: Fracture identification - 3
  • Exercise: Borehole damage feature
• Fractured Reservoir case studies
  • Case study: Identifying & evaluating producing horizons in fractured basement offshore Vietnam
  • Case study: Sensitivity analysis to develop field development plan in Middle East carbonate "Giant"
• Geothermal systems in volcanic rocks
  • Lithofacies in volcanic settings
  • Case study: Using images to resolve reservoir delineation and development issues
  • Exercise: Facies interpretation
  • Exercise: Fracture interpretation

Wrap-up; further questions and discussion