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  • Class and Course

    Reservoir Geophysics

    Reservoir geophysics is the study of the internal configuration and properties of a previously identified reservoir. A major difference between reservoir and exploration geophysics is the existence of well control on or near the reservoir geophysics target. This potentially allows for a more detailed analysis of the properties of the target reservoir than possible from either seismic or wireline data alone. It also requires that the geoscientist interested in applying reservoir geophysics to a prospect has knowledge of both seismic and rock physics theory.

    The purpose of the course is to introduce geoscientists to the basics of rock physics and seismic acquisition as they are applied to reservoir geophysics. The course will cover the various seismic attributes, including amplitude variation with offset (AVO) attributes, that are used in reservoir geophysics and look at their application to time-lapse seismic. The course will also look at the application of seismic inversion in reservoir geophysics

    Participants should acquire knowledge of the basic principles underlying modern reservoir geophysics and have knowledge of the latest terminology and technology in the field. They will acquire hands on experience in the use of rock physics and creating synthetic seismic data to examine the effects of changing reservoir geometry and fluid content. They will also acquire practical experience using various attributes in quantitative interpretation on real well and seismic data.

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    Day 1

    Introduction & Rock Physics Basis 

    • Reservoir Geophysics: Quantitative Interpretation definition, phases, reservoir vs exploration geophysics, methodologies
    • Rock physics: Density, Wave velocity, Poisson ratio, Physical properties of gases and fluids, Velocity in porous rocks, Fluid replacement modeling and saturation effects, Rock property trend, Relationship between velocity & density, Vp-Vs transform, forward modeling.
    • Exercises:
      •  Well data analysis for compaction trends and Vp/Vs ratio and apply shear estimation using Greenberg Castagna method
      • Gassmann fluid replacement in Petrel using the QI Rock physics module: saturation effects on seismic velocities with oil and gas
    Day 2

    Application of Seismic in Development and Production Fields

    • Fundamentals basis: Reflection of Seismic Wave, Polarity and Phase, Seismic Resolution, Tuning and wedge modelling
    • Well-seismic tie & pitfall analysis
    • Seismic sequence stratigraphy, sequences & system tract for reservoir characterization
    • Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator (DHI) analysis
    • Time Lapse 4D seismic for reservoir monitoring, time-lapse feasibility modeling, compaction monitoring
    • Exercises:
      • Seismic interpretation exercise for sequence stratigraphy
      • Simple 4-D interpretation and time shift comparison exercise
    Day 3

    Application of Seismic Attributes in Development and Production Fields

    • Amplitude attribute
    • Complex Attributes
    • Similarity
    • Curvature
    • Spectral Decomposition
    • Texture attributes
    • RGB Blending
    • Geostatistical Multi-attributes.
    • Case study for Geostatistical Multi-attributes
    • Exercises:
      • Calculating instantaneous attributes and applying to estimate porosity
      • Calculating frequency attributes and estimating reservoir thickness from tuning frequency
    Day 4

    Application of AVO & Geostatistical Modeling in Development and Production Fields 

    • Mathematical Foundation
    • Prediction of AVO Response
    • AVO Class 1, 2, 3 and 4
    • AVO Gradient and Intercept
    • AVO Cross-Plot
    • AVO Attributes & Hodogram
    • EI, EEI & LMR Inversion
    • AVO pitfalls & processing, AVO check-list
    • Principle of geostatistical approach for combining rock-physics, geology, attributes and inversion data for reservoir modeling
    • Exercises : AVO cross plotting, hodograms and probes in Petrel
    Day 5

    Application of Post Stack AI Inversion in Development and Production Fields 

    • Definition, AI and Reservoir Characterization
    • Convolution & deconvolution
    • Bandlimited inversion
    • Colored inversion
    • Model-based inversion
    • Sparse-spike inversion
    • Inversion case studies (AVO and 4D AVO)
    • Exercises:
      • Porosity determination using AI (simple and supervised classification neural net methods)
      • Lithology determination using Lithology cube process in Petrel QI with AVO results
      • Unsupervised Classification of data using AVO inversion results

    Geoscientists (in particular, practicing Geophysicists) who need practical knowledge of the application of geophysical techniques at reservoir level.

    Familiarity with PETREL - minimum Petrel fundamentals.

    Reasonable knowledge of Geophysics

    Basic understanding of Geology

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