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  • Class and Course

    Advanced Topics in Geothermal Energy Production

    The objective of this course is to provide a holistic coverage of advanced topics in geothermal heat production from various types of geothermal sources including hydrothermal, fractured EGS (high enthalpy), and hot saline aquifers (low enthalpy) resources. The emphasis is the use of predictive theoretical and computational models, alongside practical and real-world based test cases and exercises. We introduce the governing equations for Cartesian and radial coordinates, single and multiphase geothermal flow, and integrated thermodynamics with fluid flow. We cover the advanced topics related to techno-economics of calculating levelized cost of energy from geothermal sources. The cost analysis is conducted similarly for various types of geothermal reservoirs. Additionally, the advances in utilizing CO2 as the working fluid (a CCUS technology) to extract heat from geothermal reservoirs is covered in the course. Finally, operational aspects of maintaining geothermal wells such as acidizing process, geochemistry of scaling/remediation and closed-system geothermal well design are presented along practical case studies.

    Day 1: Introduction to geothermal energy, and low-enthalpy vs. high-enthalpy geothermal systems 

    • Outlook of geothermal energy, forecast and key players.
    • Definitions and terminologies for different geothermal energy resources, shallow (low-enthalpy) vs. deep (high enthalpy) geothermal resources, and pros & cons of different sources.
    • Well configuration and spacing for geothermal systems.
    • Basics of flow and heat equations for geothermal systems in Cartesian coordinates.
    • Low-enthalpy geothermal: Calculation of Coefficient of Performance, Heat Recovery Efficiency, and Lifetime for homogeneous aquifers and heterogenous Hot Sedimentary Aquifers (single phase).
    • Wairakei-type geothermal systems (steam and water) and its modelling challenges.
    • Case Studies and Exercise of Day 1



    Day 2: “Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) for deep fractured geothermal sources” and “Radial transient well test analysis for geothermal sources.”

    • Complexities of EGS for thermal extraction prediction.
    • Fractured network integration into simulation and simplification using Multiple Interacting Continua.
    • Heat flow equations for Multiple Interacting Continua.
    • Radial heat and flow equation: Transient and Steady-state radial flow.
    • Radial geothermal reservoirs test cases for single-phase and two-phase geothermal reservoirs.
    • Case Studies and Exercise of Day 2

    Day 3: Techno-economic analysis for electricity generation from different geothermal reservoirs

    • LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity/Energy) definition and calculation.
    • Leasing, drilling, surface equipment and geothermal pumping costs.
    • CAPEX, OPEX, Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs.
    • Effects of reservoir well flow and well production on LCOE.
    • Cost of different types and performance of power plants.
    • Effects of geothermal fluid properties on LCOE.
    • Case Studies and Exercise of Day 3.


    Day 4: Prospective CO2 utilization as a working fluid for direct heat use and electricity generation

    • CO2 advantageous thermodynamic properties compared to brine.
    • Thermosiphon effects in CO2 plume geothermal.
    • Reduced pumping requirement and carbon sequestration for CPG.
    • Well modelling for thermosiphon flow of CO2.S
    • imulation challenges of CPG process, effect of heterogeneity and thermodynamic conditions on CPG efficiency.
    • Electricity generation capacities from CPG.
    • Case Studies and Exercise of Day 4


    Day 5: Advanced geothermal operations and practices

    • Geothermal energy regulations, use, deployment, and the policy landscape.
    • “Acidizing geothermal wells”: Concept, prediction, benefits, risks and challenges.
    • Case studies for acidizing for Geothermal wells.
    • “Scaling issue for geothermal wells”: Concept, prediction and remediation.
    • Case studies for scaling and remediation for Geothermal wells.
    • “Closed-system geothermal”: Concept, advantages, current technologies and challenges.
    • Case studies for “Closed System Geothermal “.
    • Wrap-up and trouble-shooting of exercises.
    • Group discussion and brainstorming on potential applications of geothermal energy from the attendants.


    This course has been designed for professionals who work for O&G Companies, Energy Companies, Technology Companies, regulatory entities who want to increase their proficiency in Energy Production from Geothermal Sources (feasibility, evaluation, quantification, implementation, operation, new technologies). The course involved the analysis of some case studies as well as some class exercises. 


    • Introduction to Geothermal Energy.
    • High & low enthalpy systems definition.
    • Hot sedimentary aquifers: homogeneous vs. heterogeneous settings.
    • Wairakei-type geothermal systems: single-phase vs. multiphase geothermal sources.
    • Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): accounting for fractures in hot dry rocks.
    • Cartesian vs. radial coordinate to model geothermal reservoirs.
    • Techno-ecomomic evaluation of geothermal resources including LCOE calculation.
    • Consideration of CAPEX, OPEX, Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs.
    • Effects of geothermal fluid properties on LCOE.
    • Advanced geothermal operations and practices.
    • Case studies.
    • Class Exercises

    To know basic concepts about Geothermal Energy production (type, source, systems, energy potential, basics of fluid flow in porous media (Darcy’s law), and familiarity with reservoir engineering simulation software packages,

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