Monitoring and Reporting Systems in Production Testing

Production well tests - Introduction - Reasons to test the well - Technical and operation process involved in well test Production Process - Well completion - oil and gas production to station - Separation, treatment and use of the fluids General Description of well test process - Activities in the well - Wellhead condition. - Measuring device conditions - Failures and equipment repair (corrections) reports - Activities in station - Station Types - Station Conditions - Process when the well is tested - Process to measure the fluid in the station Safety, Health and Environmental important aspects for the well test - Verification at the well - Verification at the station

Data to be obtained during the well test and calculation to be made - Oil Volume - Gas Volume - Water Volume - Pressure and Temperature data Activities in the well - Physical Condition and operations at the wellhead - Determine unsafe condition: leak and corrosion - Verify production conditions: valves and pipe - Determine fluids and temperature - Sampling - Physical condition of the well instrumentation and controls - Conditions of gauges : working pressure and zero calibration - Conditions of the measuring devices and recorders - Failure report, corrections and equipment adjustment Activities in flow station

Flow metering applications: - Why to measure - Traditional single phase metering Flow metering fundamentals - Main parameters for a meter - Measurement methods - Inferential - Discrete Quantity - Mass Measurements Flow meters - Orifice plates - Turbine meters - Ultrasonic meters - Coriolis meters Flow Rate Consideration - Flow Calculation guide equations - Type of fluids and meter - Technology selection guide Measurement Standards: API, GPA Level Instruments - Fundamentals - Displacement type : Potentiometric, Capacitive and Inductive, Variable reluctance - Level sensors: mechanical, electrical, ultrasonic and radar Level measurement mechanism - Servo mechanism - Displacers - Floater" Factors Affecting Measurements

Water Content Measurements - Based on electrical parameters measurement - Based on density measurement - Factors Affecting Measurements Multiphase measurements - Conventional system - separation meters (gas/liquid) - Separation in Line (three measurement required) - Gas / liquid ratio (GLR): - Gamma absorption - Vibrating tube - Neutron interrogation - Weighing - Multiphase flow rate: - Cross-correlation using radioactive, acoustic or electrical signals - Differential pressure using Venturi, V-cone or Dall tube - Mechanical, e.g. positive displacement or turbine Water-in-liquid ratio (WLR): - Electrical impedance - Vibrating tube - In line Multiphase meter - Microwave technology - Capacitance - Gamma absorption - Neutron interrogation - Cross-correlation using radioactive, acoustic or electrical signals - Differential pressure using Venturi, V-cone or other restriction - Positive displacement / turbine meter

Activities in flow station - Types of station: Flow station, discharge station, tank farm - Physical condition of station - Verify maintenance - Verify physical condition of equipment: manifolds, separators, tanks, - Operations under HSE - Process to pass the well for test - Process to restore the test for production after test - Fluids measurements at the flow station - Liquid Measurements - in the tank - At the counter - Gas Measurements Activities to take sample - Procedure previous sampling - Procedure during the sampling - Actions after the sampling - General Discussion - Importance of the well test for the oil industry