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  • Class and Course

    Practical Depth Conversion and Depth Imaging for the Interpreter | RILS format (Remote Instructor-Led Series)

    This is a Remote Instructor Led Series (RILS) training. The remote classroom delivery is a modality that takes advantage of the instructor led training content, while allowing the same content to be delivered remotely.
    All training sessions will be delivered online with no face-to-face classroom attendance. This class will be delivered in 4 to 6 hours daily sessions over 8 to 10 days. 

    This course reviews depth conversion and depth imaging using industry-wide processing and interpretation approaches. Depth conversion of time interpretations is a basic skill set for interpreters. There is no single methodology that is optimal for all cases. The first part of this course emphasizes understanding the nature of velocity fields and practical approaches to velocity representation. Next, appropriate depth-conversion methods are presented in case history and exercise form. Basic and more advanced depth-conversion approaches are reviewed in context to quantitative depth-uncertainty analysis. Freeware is provided to accomplish the above goals. 

    Depth migration should be considered an integral component of interpretation. If the results derived from depth imaging are intended to mitigate risk, the interpreter must actively guide the process. The second part of this course is an intuitive description of the theory and practical implementation of prestack depth imaging. The course focuses on the interpreter-oriented quality controls used to ensure stable velocity solutions and geologically reasonable results. The latest advances in Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) and FWI Imaging are reviewed. For anisotropic prestack depth migration, the course defines the role of the interpreter in the formation of the initial Vz velocity model and the estimation of anisotropic parameters. The course concludes by outlining the flow for calibrating the depth-migration volumes to well tops and the formation of meaningful seismic attributes.


    This course is of importance to geoscientists involved in seismic time interpretation, time-to-depth conversion, and the planning and interpretation of depth-migration projects. Participants should have a basic understanding of seismic processing and interpretation.

    Participants will gain an understanding of depth-conversion methodologies, QCs for validating the methods employed, and tools for quantitative uncertainty estimation. They will also learn how to effectively design, guide, and QC depth-imaging projects in a variety of geologic settings and be able to:  

    • Evaluate types of velocity data and methods for velocity definition and use
    • Investigate the compatibility of well and seismic data
    • Perform basic and advanced depth conversions of time data with uncertainty analysis
    • Understand the key differences between time and depth migration
    • Differentiate between ray and wave-equation methods
    • Appraise the form of velocity updating (tomography/FWI) appropriate for the geology
    • Establish a reasonable target velocity resolution for tomography
    • Validate and correct the database via well top and seismic-interpretation ties
    • Plan and assess QCs for iterative velocity updates
    • Appraise the methods used for determining anisotropic parameters
    • Implement an optimal approach for calibrating well and seismic data
    • Evaluate attributes such as inversion and (HTI) azimuthal stress and lithology estimates
    • Review practical aspects of machine-learning classification and estimation



    A basic background in geophysical interpretation, as well as some experience in time-to-depth conversion of seismic time horizons. 

    Textbook and Exercise book provided, interactive demonstrations of freeware, no computer needed.


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