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  • Class and Course

    Quantitative Reservoir Characterization

    Seismic data is one of the main sources of information on the subsurface. We not only need to obtain the structure that could contain hydrocarbons, but also the rock properties so we can decide on whether we are dealing with reservoir rocks (sandstone, carbonates, even shales), sealing rocks (shales, salt) or source rocks (shales, coals). To know what type of rock is present is important, but also what its porosity is and whether it is fractured, as that is important for permeability (How easy do the hydrocarbons flow through the rocks). Several methods are available. Although multi-component data would be the best, with P-wave data acquired in multi-azimuth and a good offset range, also reservoir properties can be extracted. Although in a marine survey no shear waves can be recorded, it is still possible to obtain information on the shear-wave properties of the subsurface. In the course, various aspects of AVA will be discussed: Rpp, Rps, Rss and variation with azimuth leading to the detection of fracture systems. Also, the use of PS data in combination with PP data shows promising results. And, of course, anisotropy will be an important topic in this course.

    This course can be delivered remotely.

    Agenda

    Day1:

    • Introduction
    • Geophysical Methods, Seismic Acquisition & Processing, Seismic Workflow, Seismic for QI
    • Rock Physics
    • Videos: Gravity, Magnetics, EM, Rock Physics
    • Seismic Challenges in QI
    • Seismic Resolution: Point-Spread or Resolution Functions
    • Exercises: (Resolution) seismic resolution (paper & computer)

     

    Day2: 

    • Structural & Stratigraphic Interpretation, Tuning: Simmons & Backus
    • Exercise: (Tuning) Tuning Amplitudes, Tuning Wavelet (computer)
    • Exercises: (Resolution) seismic resolution (paper & computer), Tuning AVA(computer)
    • Videos: EAGE Gassmann Fluid Replacement, EAGE AVO
    • Effective Media, Anisotropy, AVA
    • Exercises: (AVO)  AVO Template (paper), Effective Media (paper), AVA (computer)

     

    Day3: 

    • Elastic response attributes (Lambda-Mu-Rho)
    • Exercises: AVA (ΔRPP, ΔRSS) (computer)
    • Inhomogeneity & Anisotropy
    • Anisotropy models
    • Exercise: (Anisotropy) Anisotropy (computer)
    • Videos: Isotropic Imaging_Ian Jones (60:00)
    • Interpretation beyond seismic resolution (SOM)
    • Exercises: AVA Rps, AVA HTI Ortho (computer)

     

    Day4: 

    • Spectral Decomposition, Commonly used methods & workflow, Prediction sedimentary facies
    • Exercises: DFT, Machine Learning Classification (computer)
    • Interpretation of Spectral deconvolution to classify sedimentary features
    • Videos: Machine Learning Classification, Inversion vs Machine learning I, II
    • Exercises: DFT, Machine Learning Clustering (computer)
    • Anisotropy, AVAz
    • Exercises: (Fractures) Seismic-to-Fractures (computer)

     

    Day5:

    • Exercises: (Hydrocarbon Indicators, Gassmann) Gassmann (computer)
    • Synthetics & Matching
    • Types of Seismic Inversion
    • Exercises: Gassmann Fluid Replacement (computer)
    • Exercises: Machine learning Regression (computer)
    • FWI
    • Course evaluation

    The course is an advanced one. So, it is aimed at geophysicists, geologists, and reservoir engineers with experience in the industry or if coming from university geophysics courses should have been a major topic.


    · Introduction Gravity, Magnetics, EM

    · Seismic Acquisition & Processing for Quantitative Interpretation

    · Seismic Resolution

    · Rock Physics

    · Effective Media

    · Tuning

    · Elastic Impedance

    · Anisotropy

    · Fractures

    · Lambda-Mu-Rho

    · AVA Rpp, Rps, Rss

    · Gassmann Fluid Replacement: strength and weaknesses

    · Spectral Decomposition

    · Inversion

    · Machine learning Applications for Quantitative Interpretation

    · Tight Reservoirs

    · Value of Information of a Quantitative Interpretation project


    An awareness of the role of geophysics in the context of exploration and production of oil and gas and a solid understanding of geophysics.


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